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Treme-HA® Description

Treme-HA® is a water-soluble polymer, the molecular structure backbone of which is composed of α-(1-3)-glycosidic bone-linked mannosan, with branched chains consisting of glucuronic acids, xyloses, and fucoses. Its active center is a common structural part: α-(1-3)-mannan.

Tremella polysaccharides can be roughly divided into five major categories: acidic heteropolysaccharides, neutral heteropolysaccharides, cell wall polysaccharides, extracellular polysaccharides, and acid oligosaccharides. Its appearance is a white or off-white powder, easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, prone to disperse in glycerin and propylene glycol, and insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.

Tremella polysaccharide can be regarded as a plant-derived hyaluronic acid substance with a molecular weight of up to 1.3-1.6 million Da, which is the only plant-derived moisturizer in the cosmetics raw materials industry with a molecular weight over 1 million Da so far. When compared with hyaluronic acid, it has better efficacies in many aspects such as high moisturizing efficiency, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, skin-touch improvement, thickening, and emulsification.

Treme-HA® Features

Treme-HA® Specifications

Treme-HA® Applications

• Efficient Moisturizing

Treme-HA® can significantly enhance the hydratability of the skin cells, increase the moisture content of the skin, and form a layer of moisturizing protective film to reduce the moisture loss on the skin surface, with a dual effect of water retention and water holding.

• Anti-oxidation and Anti-aging

Treme-HA® has the certain capability to scavenge superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals and inhibit cell aging by inhibiting cell lipid peroxidation, so as to increase skin cell vitality to promote skin regeneration, delay skin aging as well and repair light-damaged skin.

• Skin Feeling Improvement

Treme-HA® is a high molecular weight polymer with good skin affinity and viscosity. When added to skincare products for application, it can bring the skin a moisturized and fresh feeling without dryness and tension.

Study Results

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS), which is the extract of Tremella fuciformis Berk, has previously been demonstrated to exhibit potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. A hydrogen peroxide-induced human skin fibroblast injury model was first established. MTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays, in addition to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting was performed to investigate the protective effects of TFPS. Hydrogen peroxide decreased human skin fibroblast viability with a concurrent increase in ROS generation and cell apoptosis. Treatment with 0–400 µg/ml TFPS alone for up to 48 h did not result in an alteration in cell viability. Notably, TFPS pre-treatment reduced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-treated skin fibroblasts. In addition, there was profound inhibition of p16, p21, p53, and caspase-3 expression, and activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and Akt serine/threonine kinase 1, following TFPS pre-treatment. Furthermore, it was revealed that TFPS additionally protected fibroblasts via the upregulation of SIRT1 expression, and this was abrogated by the SIRT1 inhibitor niacinamide. These results indicated that TFPS alleviated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skin fibroblasts via the upregulation of SIRT1 expression, indicating that TFPS may act as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative-stress-associated skin diseases and aging.[1]

LPS induced inflammation and ROS production and promoted the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. LPS also enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFκB, which promoted inflammation by oxidative stress. However, pretreatment with TFPS profoundly inhibited the activation of Akt, p38MAPK, and NFκB and attenuated the expression of MCP-1 in macrophages. Meanwhile, TFPS also decreased cytokine and ROS levels and attenuated cell inflammation after treatment with LPS. Moreover, miR-155, one of the key small RNAs that regulate NFκB and inflammation in macrophages, was significantly downregulated.[2]

Safety

In our study, we tested the cytotoxicity of TFPS in RAW264.7 cells. Our data indicated that at concentrations between 0 and 300 μg/ml, there was no obvious cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells that were pretreated with TFPS, which suggested that the medicinal properties of TFPS were safe. Our data also indicates that the TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels in RAW264.7 cells decreased in a TFPS concentration-dependent manner. And the optimal TFPS anti-inflammatory concentration is 200 μg/ml. [3]

Instruction for use

Recommended usage: 0.01%-0.5%

Usage: soluble in water, can be directly added to the water phase

Application scope: especially suitable for essence, mask, cream, emulsion, toner, and other cosmetics

Reference

Tao Shen, Chao Duan, Beidong Chen, Meng Li, Yang Ruan, Danni Xu, Doudou Shi, Dan Yu, Jian Li, and Changtao Wang: Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Aug; 16(2): 1340–1346

Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371

[1] Tao Shen, Chao Duan, Beidong Chen, Meng Li, Yang Ruan, Danni Xu, Doudou Shi, Dan Yu, Jian Li, and Changtao Wang: Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Aug; 16(2): 1340–1346

[2] Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371

[3] Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371

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